Noticing your pet limping can be worrying. Whether it’s a slight hesitation on one leg or a full-blown refusal to bear weight, limping is often a sign that something is wrong. But how do you know when it’s a minor strain that will heal with rest and when surgery might be the best option? Let’s explore common joint problems in pets, signs that indicate surgery might be needed, and what to expect if surgery is the recommended course of action.
Common Causes of Limping in Pets
Limping in pets can be caused by a variety of issues, ranging from minor injuries to more serious joint problems. Some of the most common joint-related causes include:
- Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL) Tears – Similar to ACL injuries in humans, a torn CCL is one of the leading causes of limping in dogs. It usually happens due to degeneration over time or sudden trauma.
- Hip Dysplasia – More common in large breeds, hip dysplasia is a genetic condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly, leading to arthritis and pain.
- Elbow Dysplasia – This occurs in some large and giant breeds and leads to chronic pain and joint instability.
- Patellar Luxation – A condition in which the kneecap moves out of place, often seen in small-breed dogs but can also affect cats.
- Osteoarthritis – A degenerative joint disease that worsens over time, leading to stiffness, pain, and limping.
- Traumatic Injuries – Fractures, dislocations, and soft tissue injuries can also cause limping, some of which may require surgical intervention.
When to Consider Surgery
Not every case of limping requires surgery. Many minor injuries or early-stage arthritis can be managed with medication, physical therapy, and lifestyle adjustments. However, here are some signs that surgery may be necessary:
- Persistent Limping – If your pet has been limping for weeks despite rest and medications, an underlying joint issue might be at play.
- Difficulty Rising or Walking – Struggling to stand up, climb stairs, or walk normally can indicate a significant joint problem.
- Visible Swelling or Deformity – A swollen joint or a visibly abnormal limb alignment suggests structural damage that may need correction.
- Severe Pain – If your pet is in constant pain despite pain relief measures, surgical intervention might be the best option.
- Loss of Mobility or Muscle Atrophy – If your pet is avoiding the use of a limb altogether, the muscles may weaken over time, worsening the condition.
What to Expect If Surgery Is Needed
If your vet determines that surgery is necessary, they will discuss the best surgical option based on the diagnosis. Some common joint surgeries include:
- Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) or Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA) – These procedures are commonly performed for CCL tears and aim to stabilize the knee joint.
- Total Hip Replacement – A more advanced procedure for severe hip dysplasia, replacing the damaged joint with an artificial one.
- Femoral Head Ostectomy (FHO) – Used for hip dysplasia or severe trauma, this procedure removes the femoral head to relieve pain.
- Arthroscopy – A minimally invasive surgery used for joint evaluations, cleaning up damaged cartilage, or treating minor joint issues.
Post-Surgical Care and Recovery
Surgery is only part of the solution—recovery is just as crucial. Here’s what to expect after your pet undergoes joint surgery:
- Restricted Activity – Your pet will need to rest and avoid jumping or running for several weeks.
- Physical Therapy – Many pets benefit from rehab exercises, hydrotherapy, or laser therapy to regain strength and mobility.
- Pain Management – Your vet will provide pain relief medications to ensure a comfortable recovery.
- Regular Follow-Ups – Check-ups will be necessary to monitor healing and ensure proper recovery.
Limping in pets can stem from various causes, and while some cases resolve with rest and medication, others require surgical intervention. The key is to monitor your pet’s condition closely and consult with your vet if the limping persists or worsens. With the right treatment plan, including surgery when necessary, your pet can return to a happy, active life.
